AEM Early Access 33: A multi-faceted intervention to improve patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: Results of the ED EMC2 randomized controlled trial
Welcome to the thirty-third episode of AEM Early Access, a FOAMed podcast collaboration between the Academic Emergency Medicine Journal and Brown Emergency Medicine. Each month, we'll give you digital open access to an recent AEM Article or Article in Press, with an author interview podcast and suggested supportive educational materials for EM learners.
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DISCUSSING (CLICK ON TITLE FOR FULL TEXT, OPEN ACCESS THROUGH DECEMBER 31):
A multi-faceted intervention to improve patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: Results of the ED EMC2 randomized controlled trial. Danielle M McCarthy MD MS , Laura M Curtis MS , D Mark Courtney MD MS , Kenzie A Cameron PhD MPH, Patrick M Lank MD MS, Howard S Kim MD MS , Lauren A Opsasnick MS, Abbie E Lyden PharmD, Stephanie J Gravenor MBA, Andrea M Russell MS , Morgan R Eifler, Scott I Hur MPH, Megan E Rowland MPH, Surrey M Walton PhD, Enid Montague PhD, Kwang-Youn A Kim PhD, Michael S Wolf PhD MPH
LISTEN NOW: INTERVIEW WITH FIRST AUTHOR Danielle M McCarthy MD MS
Danielle M McCarthy MD MS FACEP
Associate Professor & Vice Chair of Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
@dmcmoster @NorthwesternEM
ABSTRACT
Objective: Despite increased focus on opioid prescribing, little is known about the influence of prescription opioid medication information given to patients in the emergency department (ED). The study objective was to evaluate the effect of an Electronic Medication Complete Communication (EMC 2 ) Opioid Strategy on patients’ safe use of opioids and knowledge about opioids.
Methods: This was a three-arm prospective, randomized controlled pragmatic trial with randomization occurring at the physician level. Consecutive discharged patients at an urban academic ED (>88,000 visits) with new hydrocodone-acetaminophen prescriptions received one of three care pathways: (1) usual care, (2) EMC 2 intervention, or (3) EMC 2 + SMS text messaging. The ED EMC 2 intervention triggered two patient-facing educational tools (MedSheet, literacy-appropriate prescription wording [Take-WaitStop]— see image below) and three provider-facing reminders to counsel (directed to: ED physician, dispensing pharmacist, follow-up physician). Patients in the EMC2+SMS arm additionally received one text message/day for 1-week. Follow-up at 1-2 weeks assessed “demonstrated safe use” (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes including patient knowledge and actual safe use (via medication diaries) were assessed 2-4 days and 1month following enrollment.
Take-Wait-Stop prescription wording
Results: Among the 652 enrolled, 343 completed follow-up (57% women; mean age 42 years). Demonstrated safe opioid use occurred more often in the EMC 2 group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.46; 95% CI, 1.19, 5.06), but not the EMC 2 + SMS group (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 0.90, 3.90) compared with usual care. Neither intervention arm improved medication safe use as measured by medication diary data. Medication knowledge, measured by a 10-point composite knowledge score, was greater in the EMC 2 + SMS group (Beta 0.57; 95% CI, 0.09, 1.06) than usual care.
Conclusion: The study found that the EMC 2 tools improved demonstrated safe dosing, but these benefits did not translate into actual use based on medication dairies. The text-messaging intervention did result in improved patient knowledge.